The Causes and Effects of Being Overweight an Example of the Topic Health Essays by

The Causes and Effects of Being Overweight Are you an overweight person? Or do you know somebody who is overweight? What are the things do you think that have caused of being overweight? And what are the effects of being one? You better to read this paper for you to know the reasons how and why people become overweight and the consequences of being one. People say prevention is better than cure. It is better to have a healthy lifestyle as early as now to prevent ourselves from being overweight. If we are going to define overweight, from the prefix "over" means "in excess of" and connecting that word into the root word which is weight, overweight apparently means excessive weight. Is being overweighted difficult to overcome? The answer is yes, right? Again I repeat prevention is better than cure. For that, this paper will discuss the causes and effects of being overweight to inform the people and to warn them as well about how bad being overweight affect their health and lifestyle as well. Need essay sample on "The Causes and Effects of Being Overweight" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Students Often Tell EssayLab support: I'm not in the mood to write my essay. But I want to spend time with my girlfriend Essay writer professionals propose: Hire EssayLab team! First, I will discuss the causes of being overweight. There are many reason why there are some people become overweight. The most common thing we know why is that, we eat a lot of food and the calories we get from the food we eat are already excessive that our body cannot convert them all into energy. Thus, those calories will be stored as fats resulting in gaining weight. Less activity, more food intake equals being overweight. There is a notion that people who are overweight are lazy but doctors say that being overweight can be cause by genetic factor. The family poor eating habits may also one of the reasons. Metabolism of a person is one thing to consider. There are some people that have faster metabolism and some are not. If the person has poor eating habits and low physical activities, more consequently that person would become overweight. Sedentary lifestyle can also contribute for being overweight. Because of technology which we say "makes our lives easier", we are now lackin g physical exercises because we tend to get more time in front of televisions and computers. Pregnancy could also be a cause of being overweight. Women will be likely to gain weight during their pregnancy. There are also socio-cultural factors to consider. Eating in fast foods can lead to weight-gain. Crash diets can also contribute to gain excessive weight. The more you deprive yourself from the food you eat because you want to lose weight, the slower your body metabolism will work. Losing weight should be done gradually because if you crash diet there will come a point where you will break your diet. And because we crash diet, the body is more convinced that your food resources are unreliable that is why it will tend to store more fats, and as result, you gain weight. And because food is always associated with rewards, when one feels boredom or depression, one tends to reward oneself by eating that if it is done frequently may cause weight-gain. Some medical conditions can cause weight-gain. Example of which are hypothyroidism, Cushing disease, polycystic ovarian syndrome, etc. Medication side effects can cause weight-gain too. Some medications which can cause weight-gain side effect s are some oral contraceptives, anti depressants, etc. Overall, these are the things that can be the causes of being overweight. I will now embark upon the consequences of being overweight. Being overweight is really not a good thing to become. There are many health problems that one will encounter if one is overweight. Being overweight and obese are very dangerous. The International Journal of Obesity, the American Obesity Association, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention all agree with that. An increased risk of having different diseases such as gallbladder disease, heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, steoarthritis, type 2 diabetes, stroke, sleep apnea, and even cancer are some of the dangers that overweight people can encounter. People who are overweight also tend to have gout, an impaired immune system, respiratory problems, difficulty healing from wounds, reproductive disorders that cause infertility, liver disease, back pain, gynecological complications, pancreatitis, and incontinence. Also, according to American Obese Association, overweight people have the high risk of having carpa l tunnel syndrome. The association found out that 70% of the sufferers of that disease are overweight. In all diseases I have mentioned, cancer is quite alarming. Cancers like cancer of the breast, esophagus, colon, uterus, and kidney are more threatening harms to have by overweight people. In our todays so- called health and wellness age, overweight people are not on the fad that is why liposuction and other quicker means of burning fats are very in demand right now. Overweight people and those who are not, try to consider these things I discuss to you. As I have said, prevention is better than cure. So, what are you waiting for? Start having a healthy lifestyle NOW. Works Cited Effects of Being Overweight. Professors House. Overweight. Native Remedies: The Natural Choice.

Cardiovascular Disease Short Essay Essays

Cardiovascular Disease Short Essay Essays Cardiovascular Disease Short Essay Essay Cardiovascular Disease Short Essay Essay Cardiovascular disease (CVD) affects the heart and blood vessles, a disturbance in blood flow and pressure or any disorder of cardiac function may result in some form of cardiovascular disease (Zelman, Tompary, Raymond, Holdaway, Mulvihill, 2010). Cardiovascular disease is the most common chronic illness in the world, according to World Health Organization (WHO) (2013), aâ‚ ¬? cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death globally: more people die annually from CVDs than from any other cause. aâ‚ ¬? There are different types of diseases related to cardiovascular disease each having their own cause. Some are caused by the lack of oxygen and nutrients to the heart, some may be caused by narrowed or blocked arteries, ruptured blood vessels in the brain, damage or weakness of the heart muscle, and weaking of veins (Zelman et al, 2010). The risk factors that can contribute to the cause of cardiovascular disease may include a persons age, gender, and family history. Some risk factors that can be managed such as tobacco and alcohol consumption, ones diet, and physical activity (Can Cardiovascular Disease be Prevented? , 2010). There are many symptoms associated with cardiovascular disease which may vary, depending on the type of cardiovascular diease one is suffering from. Some general symptoms may include pain in the chest area, arms, or back, shortness of breath, nausea, and vomiting, discoloring in the fingers or toes, or there may be a change in ones skin color (Zelman et al, 2010). In some cases of illness symptoms are asymptomatic, a person suffering from congestive heart failure may not realize that they are in danger because of the bodys ability to compensate for the strain the heart is enduring ((Beniaminov, Maybaum, Moniz, 2012). Fatugue is a major symptom of congestive heart failure and because the body is collecting fluids there may also be swelling of the ankles or abdominal pain, do to the exces fluid in the liver or abdomen (Beniaminov, Maybaum, Moniz, 2012). A stroke, due to a lack of blood supply to the brain, may cause symptoms such as numbness of the face, arm, or leg usually favoring one side of the body, confusion, slurred speech, difficulty with vision, headaches, and possibly fainting or unconsciousness (WHO, 2013). Cardiovascular disease can be managed or prevented by making lifes tyle changes. Some life style changes that can be incorprated in the way one lives may include weight management, eating healthier and being more food conscious,staying physically active, and avoiding tabacco and alcohol products. These changes will not only help prevent cardiovascular disease but also help maintain over all good health as well. Medication is often used to manage or prevent cardiovascular diease. For example, asprin has been known to reduce the risk of stroke in women and heart attacks in men (Can Cardiovascular Disease be Prevented? , 2010). Drugs may also be used to help lower cholesterol and manage onesa blood pressure (Can Cardiovascular Disease be Prevented? , 2010). When necessary surgery or medical equipemnmt such as pace makers or compression stockings may be used to help manage or prevent conditions of cardiovascular disease. References Beniaminov, A. , Maybaum, S. , Moniz, P. J. (2012). What is congestive heart failure? Healthology Inc. Retrieved from http://galenet. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/servlet/HWRC/hits? r=dorigSearch=falseo=DateDescendbucket=guiderlt=5n=10l=ditems=0c=3tcit=1_1_1_1_1_1docNum=DU2600000954sgPhrase=truelocID=uphoenixsecondary=falset=KWs=1SU=congestive+heart+failurefinalAuth=trueieve Can cardiovascular disease be prevented? (2010). Healthology Inc. Retrieved from http://galenet. galegroup. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/servlet/HWRC/hits? docNum=DU2600000419tcit=0_1_0_0_1_1index=BAlocID=uphoenixrlt=5origSearch=falset=RKs=1r=ditems=0secondary=falseo=n=10l=dsgPhrase=falsesearchTerm=2NTAc=1bucket=guideSU=%95%09Can+cardiovascular+disease+be+prevented World Health Organization (2012). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Retrieved on January 11, 2013 from who. int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/index. html Zelman, M. , Tompary, E. , Raymond, J. , Holdaway, P. , Mulvihill, M. (2010). Human diseases: A systemic approach (7th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Global Supply Chain Management of Distinctive Book Company Essay

Global Supply Chain Management of Distinctive Book Company - Essay Example However, their expertise in a small scale market is not yet tested in the international market. This means that they have to ensure that their strategies are properly planned and implemented to ensure the achievement of their objectives. This means that various points need to be considered at hand. One of the main issues that they need to focus among any other is their supply chain. This is to simply put it that they need to come up with a supply chain management that at least somewhere near excellent condition. This sounds much better for a start considering that the Distinctive Book Company is a new entrant in the international market. Part of the supply chain management of the company is to evaluate some supply chain strategies that can be of great help to the company’s business to improve efficiency, maintain or improve quality of service, manage supply chain risk and address supply chain issues that would come out from sourcing products through to sale and distribution of products to the company’s customers.  Without any question, the Distinctive Book Company is partly ready for global competition. Thus, they must first be ready to face the current trend in global competition. According to Jespersen and Larsen (2005), companies compete in an environment where there is global competition which makes them faster, better and cheaper. The following such as faster, better and cheaper are considerable marketing proposition concepts of every international company (2005).

Forensic Questioned Document Examinations Essay

Forensic Questioned Document Examinations - Essay Example Forensic question document examination is also used to analyze documents that are being disputed. For instance, if there is any question that a document is legitimate, then a question document examiner will analyze the document to determine its validity. This is especially necessary in cases where fraud may be present. In some instances, question document examiners are asked to be witnesses in cases (Koppenhaver, 2007; Southeastern Association of Forensic Document Examiners 2010). To have a clear analysis of forensic question document examination, it is fitting that we look at both the advantages and the disadvantages of this element of forensics. First, we will analyze the advantages of question document examination. One advantage to using question document examination is that this element of forensics can enable forensic personnel to extract a number of very elaborate and extremely valuable details that will aid in speedily solving crimes and determining whether or not a particular document is fraudulent or valid. . There are a number of different technologies that facilitate this. For instance, there are techniques to determine what types of inks are used to write documents, which not only works wonders in determining validity but can also point to a particular suspect. Techniques, such as â€Å"high performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectroscopy with principal components analysis and linear discriminate analysis† facilitate the forensic classification of inks from various ballpoint pins (Kher, 2006). . When one knows the type of ink that has been used to write documents, this will possibly narrow down suspects because efforts will then be focused on analyzing documents written in only that particular ink and looking with pens that contain that particular ink at the crime scene, which will bring forensic personnel one step closer to solving the case. Then, there are the numerous analysis techniques and various technologies that enable

Persuasion eassy about torture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Persuasion eassy about torture - Essay Example In such a way, choosing to torture someone just in the hopes that such an inhuman process would provide the needed information would open up Pandora’s box with regards to the lengths that our society might then be willing to go to in order to pursue it’s ends. Not only is this unethical, it represents an affront to the many hundreds of thousands of individuals who have died to ensure that the United States remains free and provides a stark level of contrast to the many despotic regimes that exist elsewhere throughout the world. Although the temptation may be strong to bend the rules and engage in what would otherwise be considered dehumanizing and inhumane treatment of others, these are not the principles that we should want to bequeath to our children and grandchildren. A far worse fate than losing lives to terrorism would be spitting upon all of the lives of the fallen who have died to ensure that this country remained a liberal and free democracy that did not engage in such inhumane treatment of

Loyalty Programs In The Success Of Hero Honda Commerce Essay

Loyalty Programs In The Success Of Hero Honda Commerce Essay Customer loyalty  is when an organization receives the ultimate reward for the way it interacts with its customers. Loyal customers buy more, buy longer and tell more people thats true customer loyalty. Although customer loyalty is often achieved through offers, discount coupons, rebates and other kinds of rewards, long-term customer loyalty can only be created by making your customers feel that they are your number one priority. Competitive advantage can be achieved through customer loyalty. This is the way to gain the best kind of customers, repeat customers. Repeat customers tend to spend more money and provide the best word-of-mouth advertising. Loyalty programs are structured marketing efforts that reward, and therefore encourage, loyal buying behavior behavior which is potentially of benefit to the firm. Customer loyalty,  not  customer satisfaction, is key to the success of an organization, and customer loyalty is fostered when an organization excels along two dimensions:    Design of its Products including its Service Products Operational Execution   or Conformance   to the Design Many companies focus on rewarding customers who have repeat purchases. Such reward programs have their place in assuring customer loyalty. However, if the product or service doesnt meet customer needs, no reward program will keep them returning. For success in the long run, an organization must: Continuously improve Quickly identify and resolve problems to the customers satisfaction or more The first step in customer loyalty research programs is formulating the objectives. Next, the current state of customer loyalty needs to be documented. That is, what is the satisfaction level and the defection rate? Then, data collection projects, such as survey questionnaires and other research tools, must be developed. The goal in these tools is to find out customers satisfaction level and how many customers are defecting. Customer Loyalty has become a catch-all term for the end result of many marketing approaches where customer data is used. We can say Relationship Marketing or Database Marketing or Permission Marketing or CRM, and it is trying to increase customer loyalty getting customers to choose to buy or visit more. All of the above approaches have two elements in common they increase both customer retention and the LifeTime Value of customers. Customer loyalty is the result of well-managed customer retention programs; customers who are targeted by a retention program demonstrate higher loyalty to a business. About Hero Honda Hero Hondas mission is to strive for synergy between technology, systems and human resources, to produce products and services that meet the quality, performance and price aspirations of its customers. At the same time maintain the highest standards of ethics and social responsibilities. Hero Honda is the only two-wheeler company in the country with a 100 per cent motorcycle exposure. Although its sales have grown at a good clip over the past year, a bigger motorcycle pie and greater competition has resulted in a fall in the companys market share-51 per cent in August 2001 to 47 per cent this August.   To counter the competition, the company is looking to create an intermediate category with its latest model, the 133-cc Ambition. This bike is targeted at users who wish to move to a high-end model but wouldnt like to shell out premium model prices. Hero Honda is taking it easy on launches. Besides Ambition, it is looking at a 200-cc bike next fiscal and a relaunch of CBZ, which has been steadily losing out to Bajajs comparable offering Pulsar. Says Sobti: We will move into launch mode only when we believe there is a demand for new products, not as an attention-getting tactic that will uselessly crowd the market. Instead, the company is focussing on maximising sales of its existing product basket. To this end, the company has upped ad spend over the past year. It offers a two-year warranty on all its motorcycles (the only two-wheeler manufacturer to do so). Another key initiative is a customer loyalty programme, Hero Honda Passport Programme. Subscribers are entitled to discounts on spares and service. Customer loyalty Programme in Hero Honda i.e Hero Honda Passport Programme Hero Honda Passport Programme The Hero Honda Passport Programme is open only to Hero Honda motorcycle owners/customers who are resident Indian nationals. It is not open to non-resident Indians, employees of Hero Honda Motors Limited, and its advertising agencies (Result: McCann and its respective subsidiary companies). The Hero Honda Passport will be issued in the name of an individual only, and not in the name of a company, corporate body or association of persons. The Hero Honda Passport will be issued only to individuals who are 18 years of age, or older. There is a non-refundable registration fee for the programme. Two passport-sized photographs must be attached to the application form. The Hero Honda passport is non-transferable. In case, an applicant is the second or subsequent user of the Hero Honda motorcycle, he/ she is required to submit a copy of the registration booklet, duly transferred, along with the Hero Honda Passport Application form. If any Hero Honda Passport holder loses his/her Hero Honda Passport, a new copy of the same will be issued to the member, on payment of the requisite fee. The Hero Honda Passport is valid only for three years from the date of issue. It will take minimum of 4 weeks, from the date of enrolling for the Hero Honda Passport Programme, to deliver the Hero Honda Passport. On becoming a Hero Honda Passport Programme member, the applicant authorises all the organisations, with which Hero Honda Motors Limited may finalise arrangements (including Hero Honda Motors Limited), to use data submitted by him/her for marketing and communication purposes, to enhance performance of the Hero Honda Passport Programme. In case of non-receipt of the Hero Honda Passport, it is mandatory for the applicant to intimate the Hero Honda dealership within 45 days from the date of application. In case of loss/theft of the Hero Honda Passport, the member must inform the Hero Honda dealership immediately. Hero Honda Motors Limited reserves the right to reject any application at its sole discretion, without assigning any reason. Hero Honda Motors Limited is not responsible for any damaged/mutilated/lost -in transit/incorrectly filled forms. All Hero Honda Passports, even after their issuance, remain the property of Hero Honda Motors Limited. Hero Honda Motors Limited will not accept responsibility for circumstances that are beyond its control, and that may cause a delay or inability to fulfill requests of the Hero Honda Passport holders. Hero Honda Motors Limited holds out no warranty, and makes no representation about the quality of the goods and services provided by partners in the Hero Honda Passport Programme, and will not be responsible if the goods/services are defective/ deficient/unsatisfactory, in any way. Hero Honda Motors Limited is not responsible for any liability incurred by the Hero Honda Passport holder, with respect to any aspect of the Hero Honda Passport Programme. In case of any disputes of differences in connection with the Hero Honda Passport Programme, the same shall be decided by arbitration. The arbitrator shall be the Managing Director, Hero Honda Motors Limited, or any person nominated by him. The arbitration shall be conducted as per the prevailing arbitration laws rules in New Delhi. Hero Honda Motors Limited shall not, in any way, be liable, or be under any obligation to the participant, if the Hero Honda Passport Programme is withdrawn or modified due to statutory enactments, and judicial/ quasi judicial orders. Hero Honda Motors Limited reserves the right to add, modify, withdraw or delete any of the rules, terms, conditions or the duration of the Hero Honda Passport Programme, with or without prior notice. How to use your Hero Honda Passport? Each time you visit an authorised Hero Honda dealership or service center, make sure that you carry your Hero Honda passport with you. Customer can accumulate points against purchase of spares, accessories and service at Hero Honda authorised dealerships / service centers. The Hero Honda passport will serve as a record book for keeping an account of the points accumulate by you. Each rupee you spend, at the dealership / service center, entitles you to one point. Customer can also earn bonus point when you come for a free service you visit the dealership ( at least thrice a year ), and make purchases worth Rs. 50 per visit.You refer your relatives and friends to purchase a hero Honda motorcycle. At the time of setting your bills, ensure that your Hero Honda passport is endorsed with the earned points. The more you earn your points, the more benefits you receive. What are the benefits of owning a hero Honda passport ? The accumulated points can be used to enjoy a host of special privileges and benefits from time to time. The moment customer receive its hero Honda passport, he is automatically covered for one year Accident Insurance RS 1 lakh. Customer become entitled for special rewards and discounts, the moment you accumulate the specified points, at any of the authorised hero Honda dealerships / service centers. Customer can also receive invitations to exclusive local events, such as movie shows, musical nights and carnivals. Periodic updates will be sent to you, from the hero Honda programmed center, with your point status. Special information and tips regarding your motorcycle, hero Honda Passport Program happenings and exclusive offers from other brands will also be sent to you along with the updates Hero Honda CRM programme Hero Honda has covered two million customers under passport programme. The passport programme builds enduring relationship with customer. It was rolled out nationally in 2001. According to the scheme, every rupee spent by the member translates into a reward point. These reward points can then be redeemed for gifts, the release adds. Hero Honda GoodLife Program We invite you to our Rishta Dil Ka bond to give us an opportunity to share what we have in store for you. All you need to be a resident Indian national, aged 18 years or above and you should be an owner of Hero Honda scooter or motorcycle to be a part of One of the largest customer relationship program in India. The Hero Honda GoodLife Program offers you great rewards, benefits and a range of exciting gifts, chosen especially for you. Becoming member of this exclusive program is simple and easy. All you need to be a resident Indian national, aged 18 years or above and you should be an owner of Hero Honda scooter or motorcycle. Simply follow the steps outlined below and you can start experiencing the privileges of being a member of Indias largest rewards program. Fill the fresh online application at the dealership. If you are a Hero Honda Passport member, kindly submit the Passport at the dealership. For three years membership and one year insurance cover pay a nominal membership fee of Rs. 150, or for three years membership and 3 years insurance cover pay Rs. 250. To know more call 1800112255 or write to us at [emailprotected] On successful enrolment, you will receive a Hero Honda GoodLife membership card which will help you earn points on all your spends at Hero Honda dealerships and service centres. You can accumulate points and redeem them for a range exciting milestone rewards. Rewards And Benefits The Hero Honda GoodLife Program is your very own passport to the good things of life. It brings you an easy to use privilege card that offers a host of special rewards and benefits. Providing you with fabulous returns on your spends, it is surely the most convenient way to complement your good life. Your world of rewards: WINNER OF THE MONTH REFERRAL POINTS FIRST TRANSACTION BENEFIT DISCOUNT ON SPARES ACCESSORIES POINTS EARNED ON MONEY SPENT FREE RIDERS PERSONAL INSURANCE GO GREEN SERVICE BONUS BONUS POINTS ON BIRTHDAY SPECIAL VALUE OFFERS Be A Hero Honda Good Rider Loyalty is demonstrated by the actions of the customer; customers can be very satisfied and still not be loyal. So, as a CRM strategy and for customer satisfaction they promoted themselves as Socially responsible company. Therefore as a socially responsible company they urgecustomers to join them in making this world a safer, healthier and more environment friendly place. At Hero Honda they like to promote the three Es. Engineering which is the right technology, specifically designed for Indian customer requirements, and road conditions. It is exemplified in the 4-stroke Hero Honda engines that give you amazing reliability and fuel-efficiency, year after year. We have always manufactures 4-stroke engines, ever since inception in 1985. Environment which is about ensuring that the high technology 4-stroke Hero Honda motorcycles continue to meet the most stringent pollution control norms at every level as they have since the very beginning. Education which is about promoting comfortable and safe driving, through a wide dealer network and service centres; as well as in educating people on road safety, in association with the traffic police and the transport department. Do remember that you and your family are not only riders, but pedestrian as well. It is as part of the Hero Honda family that We Care to drive home the message of Road Safety and a Healthy Environment. Your Hero Honda, the environment and you. It is a three-way relationship that you should nurture, to reap the benefits for years to come. A well tuned bike keeps the environment healthy. Good riding practices will keep you healthy. Taking good care of your bike will always keep your bike healthy. Here are simple steps to a healthy bike, healthy environment, and a healthy you. Health and Environment Safety Facts and Information Social Responsibility We are certain that you too will take pride in being a true Hero Honda Good Rider . Success of loyalty program to the Hero Honda For the success of loyalty programme the organisation have to answer these parameters. Identify the key processes in building a loyalty program Create and map the loyalty business case by engaging all internal stakeholders and getting executive-level sponsorship Gain maximum internal support that drives truly commercial performance Turn customer insights into actionable marketing strategies Apply advanced customer segmentation and propensity modeling techniques Implement various financial planning tools for your loyalty program Maximize the marketing ROI of relationship chain and branding with your loyalty program Confidently reap the rewards of the loyalty program and, demonstrate and justify the success of your loyalty program Conclusion Customer Satisfaction and loyalty plays a major role in developing and promoting the company. Customer loyalty is an important factor, which affects the Financial position and Goodwill of the company. Customer demands are dynamic, but its consideration is necessary for every company to make existence into the market. Loyalty programs are increasingly gaining popularity in the Asia Pacific region. And company uses the various loyalty programmes like Hero Honda Passport Programme in Hero Honda. It is the CRM initiative taken by the company to: Brand awareness of Hero Honda motor cycles. Know about the time in which customers usually purchases bikes. Know about the effect of promotional schemes on customers. Purchase pattern of customers To know about the media through which customers come to know about the bikes For database. Encourage, loyal buying behavior behavior which is potentially of benefit to the firm. So these all loyalty programmes are very helpful in success of HERO HONDA.

Kant Essay -- essays research papers fc

Can't find it here? Try Collegiate Care Immanuel Kant Immanuel Kant was a man before his time. His philosophies, as outlined in Perpetual Peace, paved the way for modern political relations. Unbeknownst to his day and age, his insights were a revelation. They were seeds planted and left unsewn for 120 years. As a first and second image theorist, Kant mixes his liberal and realist views to paint a picture of "perpetual peace." His essay outlines the actions that nations should take to achieve this lofty objective. Through his layout of behavioral and philosophical ideologies, he believes nations can truly live synchronically. The first section of Kant's essay contains articles that specifically state the actions that nations should take to enable them to establish a world peace. These six articles must become the law of a nation endeavoring for peace. The first article applies to treaties of peace. In the first article he explains that states entering into peace treaties must resolve all problems that lead them to war. All parties must make known their issues and work to rectify them. Thus, in the future, there will be no circumstance that will lead them to war again amongst each other. The second of these laws communicates the need for all independent nations to be free from the seizure of another state. The next article is in complete opposition to the realist theory. Kant explains that all nations need to gradually dispense of their armed forces. He believes that armies held by nations increase the tension of their rivals. This makes them increase the size of their military. Here, Kant indirectly addresses the realist Prisoner's Dilemma. He believes that international conflicts arise from mistaken beliefs, as well as inadequate information and bad governments. As each side increases their military, the more likely a war will start. Thus, the paradox of the Prisoner's Dilemma. Kant argues that because humans have rationality, they can break out of the Prisoner's Dilemma. This is a fundamental difference between Kant and a traditional realist such as Morgantheau. The fourth law is about a nation's debt to the others. In this law, Kant argues that nations indebted to one another will cause war. He states in this article that if a nation face bankruptcy, then the nations that have loaned it funds will also b... ...ay. He wants a governmental system created whereby you have a society of laws and not of men. Kant starts out at the first image as a realist by admitting the inherent warlike human nature of mankind. As he moves to the second image he moves toward more liberal beliefs. He sees the state as a means of implementing a moral society with a structure that leaves no room for misbehavior. At the third image he becomes quite liberal. If states can abide by laws, then they can work together in harmony and morality. This is in sharp contrast with a classic realist like Morgantheau who sees no room for morality in international relations. However, Kant is not a naive liberal. For instance, he agrees with Thomas Hobbes when he concurs that there is no law above the state. With this knowledge in hand, he urges states to overcome their natural instincts and do what will ensure a perpetual peace. Or else, he warns: "...the destruction of both parties along with all rights is the result - would permit perpetual peace to occur only in the vast graveyard of humanity as a whole." (110) Bibliography Kant, Immanuel. Perpetual Peace. Hackett Publishing Company, Inc. 1983.